Background: BODY packing and BODY STUFFING of illicit drugs have increased in recent decades. The drug contents of the packages vary from region to region, and there are controversies surrounding the diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical presentations, diagnostic and therapeutic measures, and the subsequent clinical outcomes of drug concealment by people. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on data for all cases of BODY packing and BODY STUFFING that were referred to a university hospital, in Isfahan, Iran, from Mar. 2013 to Feb. 2018. Results: Sixty-eight BODY stuffers and 18 BODY packers (n=86) were included in this study. Seventy-eight patients (90. 7%) were male, mostly aged between 20 to 40 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the signs and symptom, hospital stay, treatment and clinical outcomes. Heroin and crystal methamphetamine, n=52 (60%) and n=22 (25%), respectively, were the most substances detected, irrespective of the concealment method. Abdominal X-ray and CT scan tests were positive for the detection of at least one packet in each of the 94. 4% of the patients. Conclusion: Heroin and crystal methamphetamine were the most common substances concealed in the bodies of the patients. Based on our findings, CT scan was more sensitive than abdominal X-ray test in the detection of illicit drug packets concealed in the patients. Close observation and whole bowel irrigation were effective therapeutic modalities in most cases. All cases were fully recovered and discharged from the hospital.

One method of drug smuggling is BODY packing or BODY STUFFING, placement of narcotics (opium, heroin, hashish, …) inside intestinal tract for transfer from city to city or country to country. Estimating of the methods for transferring, content of packets, packaging, cause of death and results of diagnostic and therapeutic methods can effectively decrease the number of BODY packer and law execution.This study is case series by randomized sampling. Several parameters such as sex, age, marital status, addiction, job, level of education, type of opioids and their weight and number of packets, result of abdominal X-ray, surgery needs, were collected from April 1999 to December 2000.Through this period of time, 32 male smuggler who had swallowed drug packets were detained. The average age was 41 years (max=62, min=20). The minimum weight of the opium carried by this smugglers was below 20 gram and maximum weight was 1000 grams (median=360 grams). The minimum number of packets were one packet and maximum number of packets were 54 (median=10 packets). In 84 percent of BODY smugglers the content of packets was opium, 13 percent was heroin and 3 percent was hashish. From the cases, 81 percent of smugglers were addicts themselves. Death occurred in 7 cases from which 3 were after surgery.

In this research, leaking flow from inside the cylinder-piston space to the crankcase through the very narrow passage in the STUFFING box is numerically simulated. Two distinguish geometries are considered, and it is assumed the flow is steady, three-dimensional, non-isothermal, laminar, and compressible. The governing equations (including the mass, momentum, and energy conservations) are solved simultaneously along with the ideal equation of state by finite volume method. It is demonstrated that the Mach number is under 0.8 in the majority of the domain. Therefore, the pressure-based strategy is selected to have faster convergence. It is found that the maximum leakage rate for one-row and two-row packing is respectively 49.6 and 41 g/s obtained for a pressure difference of 70 bar. Also, it is shown that the presence of the second row is mandatory to be in safe condition. The percentage of leak control by the second row is much higher for lower pressure differences. Strictly speaking, the second row of rings decreases the leakage rate depending on the pressure difference from 7.9% to 60.7%. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this would be the first time the flow through the STUFFING box is simulated.

The BODY freedom flutter phenomenon is one of the aeroelastic instabilities that occurs due to the coupling of the aeroelastic bending mode of the wing with the short-period mode in the flight dynamics of the aircraft. By using the aeroservoelastic model and applying closed loop control, this phenomenon can be suppressed in the operating conditions of the aircraft and the velocity of this event can be increased. The simplest model aircraft capable of displaying this instability includes the flexible wing and the planar flight dynamics model. For this purpose, the wing structure is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam and, the theory of minimum variable state is used to model unstable aerodynamics to make the conditions suitable for modeling the system in state space. In the control section, the elevator is used as the control surface and LQR theory with Kalman filter is used to BODY freedom flutter suppression. Finally, the effect of adding a closed loop control to increase the BODY freedom flutter velocity and the limitations of this work are studied.

Background: The incidence of smuggling and illegal transport of substances by internal concealment, also known as BODY packing, is increasing. The clinical approach to BODY packers has changed significantly over the past two decades. In addition, the mortality of BODY packers is an important issue in patient management. The purpose of the current study is to determine the statistics and mortality related to BODY packing. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all BODY packer patients who referred to Loghman Hakim hospital were evaluated from 2010 to 2017. Demographic characteristics, findings of clinical imaging, treatment, and outcome of the patients were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 303 patients were enrolled in the study after the diagnosis of BODY packing by abdominal CT scanning without contrast. Conservative treatment including whole bowel irrigation (WBI) accompanied by close monitoring was done for 78% (n = 236) of patients; moreover, 26 patients (8. 5%) underwent surgery after WBI, and 41 patients (13. 5%) underwent surgery without bowel irrigation. Mortality was observed in eight patients (2. 7%) five of whom (62. 5%) died before surgery and had the clinical manifestation of crystal (methamphetamine) and cannabis toxicity. Furthermore, three patients (37. 5%) died due to the complications of surgery such as gastrointestinal leakage of an abdominal abscess. Conclusion: Conservative treatment seems to be better for the management of BODY packers. In addition, it is necessary to monitor patients for possible signs and symptoms of intoxication and gastrointestinal obstruction.

Introduction. The study of gross anatomy has always been confronted with limitations including deterioration, bad odor of cadaver and fixative solutions. one of the modern preservation techniques is plastination. In this project a whole BODY was made by plastination technique.Methods. This study was carried out on a fresh human BODY after fixation of the cadaver. It was dissected carefully after 6 months. It was then dehydrated and defated in cold acetone (-25˚6) for 2 weeks and warm (35-40˚c) acetone for 4 weeks. finally it was impregnated by polymer under pressure of vaccum. Results. The plastinated specimens found to be immune from infection, deterioration and flexible without bad odor and showing natural color.Discussion. Plastination is a modern techinque that has many advantages to formaldehyde fixation especially for our country with limited source of BODY donation. Plastinated specimens can be unique material for teaching and can play a key role in solving our problem of cadaver shortage.  

An unknown 55 years old man with loss of consciousness, bradypnea, cyanosis and miotic pupil was referred to hospital from a bus terminal. Neurological examination revealed no lateralized sign and acrocyanosis was positive. A short time after administration of hypertonic glucose and naloxone, he had seizure, hypotension and apnea, therefore, he underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation. Primary laboratory examinations revealed respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. After brain CT scanning and other lab tests, he received naloxone again and showed more consciousness. Since the man was on suspicion of BODY packing, plain abdomen X-ray was done and the existence of several packs was confirmed. Treatment by polyethylene glycol 2 lit/h and naloxone and serial activated charcoal started and finally, the patient excreted the packets and was then discharged with good condition.

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of BODY weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between BODY weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.